The report gives a brief description of modern views on the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of cancer, formulated within the framework of the traditional "aggression-defense" approach used to describe the infectious process. 

These views are now supplemented by ideas about the subjectivity of a malignant tumor. Cancer as an active subject: 

• "constructs its microenvironment";

• "actively suppresses cellular antitumor mechanisms";

• "develops various strategies to counteract the body's immune response";

• "takes away some normal physiological processes and uses them for his own purposes";

• "controls the immunoregulatory systems CTLA-4 and Pd-L1";

• "counterattacks", etc.

Based on our own experimental studies, as well as literature data, an alternative vision of the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors is formulated. The arguments in favor of a new approach are presented.

The decisive role of the body's immune response to the ILRP 37 kDa antigen in the initiation and development of the tumor process has been revealed, and its key links have been named. It is shown that the development of a malignant tumor process is based on the physiological mechanism of embryo implantation in the thickness of the decidual membrane of the uterus and the formation of a trophoblast created by evolution. In this case, natural immunostimulation aimed at increasing the constitutive invasiveness of embryonic cells during normal embryogenesis plays a fatal role in immunostimulation of malignant growth.

It is indicated that it is possible to overcome the malignant tumor process even at the stage of generalization of the process, developing fundamentally new areas of treatment: by blocking the key links in the immune response to the ILRP 37 kDa antigen. Methods for blocking the key links of the immune response to the ILRP 37 kDa antigen have been proposed.

Volodymyr Shevchenko has completed his PhD in Medical Sciences (immunology and allergology). He worked as Vice-Rector of the National University of Health of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyk and Senior Researcher of the Central Research Laboratory of the Institute. He completed his Doctor of Philosophy at 2009 (theory of knowledge). World Information Distributed University. Belgium, Brussels. He has more than 100 scientific publications. (Medicine, philosophy, theory of knowledge).